In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. ĭuring his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug, Dharawal and Eora peoples. Īboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and Aboriginal engravings and cultural sites are common throughout Greater Sydney.
Notable nicknames of the city include the "Emerald City" and the "Harbour City". The estimated population on June 2022 was 5,297,089 the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population. Residents of the city are colloquially known as "Sydneysiders". Greater Sydney consists of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 70 km (43.5 mi) towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park and Macarthur to the south and south-west. Sydney ( / ˈ s ɪ d n i/ ( listen) SID-nee) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in Australia.
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